Proctology

RelationalDoctors 1/13/2025 2:46:59 PM

Proctology: Examination and Treatment of Rectal Disorders

This field specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions and inflammatory processes affecting hemorrhoids and the surrounding rectal area. Proctology also addresses benign and malignant tumors of the rectum. Hemorrhoids are among the most common conditions in this area. If you experience pain, bleeding during bowel movements, or notice a bulge around the rectal area, hemorrhoids could be the cause.

Hemorrhoids are venous cushions located in the anal canal that ensure a watertight and airtight closure of the rectum. When these veins dilate and stretch, they can cause various symptoms. This abnormal dilation of the vascular network is referred to as hemorrhoids, which can range in severity. Contributing factors include a sedentary lifestyle, constipation, heavy lifting, straining, a low-fiber and low-fluid diet, pregnancy, and pelvic pressure.

Proctological Examination

Patients often fear proctological examinations, but under normal circumstances, they are not painful. The consultation begins with a detailed medical history, followed by a physical examination and diagnostic procedures such as rectoscopy, rectal ultrasound, and, if necessary, biopsy. These steps determine the appropriate treatment.

Common Conditions Treated in Proctology

Fistula
A rectal fistula can develop following inflammation of mucus-producing glands in the rectum. Bacteria from the intestines penetrate the intestinal wall, forming an abscess that eventually creates a tract to the skin. Fistulas can also arise from trauma, infection, or surgery. Treatment involves techniques such as creating a flap, using a tissue-friendly plug, or closing the fistula directly, e.g., via the LIFT (ligation of intersphincteric tract) method.

Fissure
A rectal fissure occurs when the mucous membrane of the rectum tears, causing the sphincter muscle to spasm. Treatment focuses on relieving muscle spasms and promoting mucosal regeneration. Solutions range from applying specific substances to complete removal of the fissure.

Condyloma
Condyloma refers to warts caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) that appear around the anus and genital area. Treatment options include topical solutions, freezing with liquid nitrogen, surgical excision, or the latest laser removal techniques, which we provide for our patients.

Rectoscopy (Rectal Endoscopy)

Rectoscopy is an instrumental examination of the lower 15-20 cm of the large intestine, often necessary for rectal complaints. This procedure allows visualization of the rectal mucosa and enables tissue sampling for histological analysis. While it may feel uncomfortable, it is not painful.